Business Communication Planning Research

Question: Discuss about the Report for Business Communication for Planning Research. Answer: Research methods The producers of Stellar.com should engage in understanding the requirements of the target customers. There is a need to conduct market research in regular intervals (Bryman Bell, 2015). There are three types of market research that can be conducted by the producers of Stellar.com. They are discussed briefly as- Exploratory Research- They are used in situations where the marketer has little understanding of the problem due to shortage of relevant information. This method is used to gain insights to the problem situation of particular concern (Malhotra, 2012). The marketer can identify their issues, clarity of concepts, elimination of irrelevant ideas and the formulation of hypotheses (Malhotra, 2012). They can design formal research design so that the research objectives are fulfilled. It usually draws definite conclusions and often relies on the secondary research. Quantitative and qualitative Research- This is the most popular research type undertaken by the researchers in a market survey (Ritchie et al., 2013). The qualitative research concerns with parameters such as customer perception, customer needs, their likings, and the most demanded features (Ritchie et al., 2013). It is used to gain the understanding of opinions, motivations and reasons for their purchases. It is used to understand the recent trends in the market with the use of semi structured and structured questionnaires (Ritchie et al., 2013). There can be several ways of collecting the data, such as individual interviews, focus group discussions, observations, discussions and others. The quantitative research is used for analyzing the problem of the numerical data collected (Creswell, 2013). The raw data collected is transformed into relevant statistics for the purpose of data analysis. This method is used to quantify the opinions, attitudes, behaviors and others from a large sample population. This data uses measura ble data for the formulation of the facts and determine patterns in the research (Creswell, 2013). This method is more structured than the qualitative research approach. There are various forms of data collection methods such as online surveys, mobile surveys, online polls, systematic observations and others (Creswell, 2013). Secondary Research- This is the most commonly used methods in market research. It involves the summary, collection and the synthesis of the existing data available in a number of sources (Zikmund et al., 2013). The main methodology in this type of research is systematic review, statistical analysis, reviews and analysis (Zikmund et al., 2013). There can be several secondary data sources such as magazines, newspapers, journals, market research reports, sales figures, government publications, marketing literature of the competitors and others (Zikmund et al., 2013). One of the main advantages of this kind of research is that they are quick to perform and is a reliable source of research (Zikmund et al., 2013). There are some authentic sources such as government statistics, which can give insights into the actual market scenario. Research questions There are different types of research questions used in the different research methods (Breakwell, Wright Smith, 2012). The typical questions about the research methods are described below- Exploratory research Are you aware of Stellar.com? What do you know about the website? Are you satisfied with the content provided by our website? What else do you want to want to see on our website? What other options you want to see on our website? Are you happy with the Internet radio station? Are you satisfied with the choice of songs on the radio station? Do you want any improvements in the internet radio service? How? Quantitative Research How many times have you visited Stellar.com? How often you visit our website? What percentage of online people enter our website? What proportion of the people listens to the Internet Radio Service? What is your gender? How many stars would you give to our website (on a scale of 10)? How many people are satisfied with the technology used by us? What is your income group? What is your marital status? What is your hobby? When is your birthday? Qualitative Research What are the lives of our target customers? Why the other section of the population not opting for our services? What are the trends that affect the life of the people presently? Who is my real competitor? What is the image of Stellar.com in the public? What should be the ideal image of the company? What are the probable improvements that I should undertake? What is the correct price that I should charge? What is the vision of the brand? What is the best roadmap to achieve the goals? What is the most important benefit of our brand? Secondary Research How many visitors are registering on our website per day? (Source: Internal databases) What did the average time spend by the visitors on our website? (Source: Internal databases) How many visitors are active on our website? (Source: Internal sales figures) What is the average feedback of the visitors on the website? (Source: Internal databases) Appraisal of the research methods The identified research methods are appropriate for addressing the concerns of the producers of Stellar.com. The online entertainment industry in Singapore requires updated and relevant data regarding the customers preferences (Tschang Wong, 2016). They need to understand the demands, needs and wants of the customers (Tschang Wong, 2016). The exploratory research can provide crucial insights to the company (Yin, 2013). It would help the management know about the customer awareness about the website . It would help the researcher knows about the satisfaction level of the visitors and the level of knowledge of the visitors (Yin, 2013). The researcher can know if the customer is actually aware of the services. It would also help them to check the new requirements of the customers and the options they are looking for (Yin, 2013). It would also help them analyze if the members of the online site are satisfied with the services (Yin, 2013). It would also help the company to gather knowledge regarding the additional requirements of the users. The quantitative research would give valuable insights like the number of visitors who enter the website, number of active members, number of non active members, frequency of visit and the gender of the users (Mertens, 2014). It would also give information regarding the average rating of the website and the number of satisfied people as far as technology is concerned (Mertens, 2014). The other demographic details such as income group, marital status, birthday, hobby and others also help the company to decide their actual target audience. The company can customize their services as per the demands of the target customers. The qualitative data would help the researcher analyze the lives of the target customers, trends that affect their lives, real competitors of the company, brand image, the vision of the brand and others (Haberman, 2014). These data would help the company to design suitable services based on the lifestyle and attitudes of the customers. It would also help them to gain competitive advantage by tapping the services offered by similar brands (Haberman, 2014). The secondary research gives the company crucial data regarding the customer behavior (Eriksson Kovalainen, 2015). It helps the company determine the average time spend on the websites and the active members of the websites. In case of alarming figures, the management can decide to focus on this particular parameter (Eriksson Kovalainen, 2015). This research method also enables the researcher to analyze the past trends and make future predictions. Usefulness of communication research for media organizations The media is a vital channel of communication (Van Dijck Poell, 2013). The primary purpose of the media is to educate as well as provide entertainment to the target audiences. It should have knowledge regarding the likes and dislikes of the audiences, which can be determined only by the methods of communication research (Van Dijck Poell, 2013). The media are offering diverse content to a heterogeneous population, hence they need to have innovative ideas and better presentation of the content (Kim, Hsu de Ziga, 2013). This requires extensive data which can only be provided by the communication research. There are a variety of challenges faced by the media managers such as selection of interesting stories, scandals, recent hit songs, most controversial celebrities and others (Kim, Hsu de Ziga, 2013). They are also concerned about the utilization of public relations tools, preparation of a campaign and creating an attractive advertisement (Moriarty et al., 2014). These steps would n ot be fulfilled without the intervention of communication research. The demand of a particular celebrity or the emotional attachment of the target audience should be communicated to the media houses so that they can prepare suitable advertisements or publish the interview of the popular celebrity (Moriarty et al., 2014). There should be a bridge between the public opinion and the management of the media company. The media company should be aware of the roles, values, beliefs and customs of their primary target audience (Moriarty et al., 2014). This is possible only through the use of a suitable market research tool. References Breakwell, G. M., Wright, D. B., Smith, J. A. (2012). Research questions and planning research. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Eriksson, P., Kovalainen, A. (2015).Qualitative Methods in Business Research: A Practical Guide to Social Research. Sage. Haberman, S. J. (2014).Analysis of qualitative data: Introductory topics. Academic Press. Kim, Y., Hsu, S. H., de Ziga, H. G. (2013). Influence of social media use on discussion network heterogeneity and civic engagement: The moderating role of personality traits.Journal of Communication,63(3), 498-516. Malhotra, N. K. (2012).Basic marketing research: Integration of social media. Pearson. Mertens, D. M. (2014).Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N. D., Wells, W. D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L., Spence-Stone, R. (2014).Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Tschang, T., Wong, A. (2016). MatchMove: Business Model Evolution. Van Dijck, J., Poell, T. (2013). Understanding social media logic.Media and Communication,1(1), 2-14. Yin, R. K. (2013).Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

The Disease Of Masturbation Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Disease Of Masturbation Essay, Research Paper The Disease of Masturbation: Valuess and the construct of Disease by Engelhardt Englhardt s article The Disease Of Masturbation is an illustration of the ways in which values impact society s definition of disease. I agree that it is possible that scientific discipline is being, or has been, limited by the values within society. For scientific discipline to reason that onanism causes such nutriments as sightlessness and epilepsy it appears apparent that scientific discipline is being misguided by values of the clip. I believe that scientific discipline besides realizes that values play a portion in research conducted, otherwise there would be no demand for blind and dual blind surveies. Blind surveies are used to assist extinguish bias brought on by the experimenter or the trial topic. In the eighteenth and 19th century onanism was thought to bring forth the marks and symptoms of a unsafe disease: Disease is neither an nonsubjective entity nor a construct of a individual definition, there is non, nor need be, one construct of disease ( UWO, p. 241 ) . The job with Englehardt s article is our wellness system is that of the biomedical theoretical account. The biomedical theoretical account does non acknowledge onanism as a disease. It states that disease is a biological divergence from the norm that can be explained scientifically ( Charland ) . Masturbation has non been proven to suit into either class. Masturbation may hold been a divergence from the norm at one point in clip, but I do non believe that it can be explained scientifically. Englehardt s article says that onanism was the cause of such unwellnesss as sightlessness and dizziness. But how were these decisions drawn? Were these decisions scientific in nature or gathered harmonizing to the positions and values of the times? Masturbation was turned into a disease, non with merely bodily, but psychological dimensions. Tissot states that masturbating is even more debilitating than sex because of a loss of seminal fluid ( 1oz peers 40oz of blood ) . When seminal loss takes topographic point in a place other than the accumbent place the effects are multiplied. Tissot successfully establishes that onanism is associated with physical and mental maladies. Englehardt should qualify how Tissot reaches this decision. There are besides dissensions as to whether frequent sex is any different than onanism. It is argued that the difference between onanism and sex is the outgo of nervus force that is compensated by the magnetic attraction of the spouse. Masturbation is worse because it is unnatural and hence less fulfilling. I think onanism is natural, and has really likely been about every bit long as sex possibly longer. At first masturbating was thought to do indigestion, bottleneck of the urethra, epilepsy, sightlessness, dizziness, loss of hearing, concerns, impantency, and loss of memory. Equally good as, irregular action of the bosom, general loss of wellness and strength, rachitiss, leukorrhea in adult females, chronic catarrhal conjunctivis, nymphomania ( more common in blondes and brunettes ) , and alterations in external genital organ. Expansion of superficial venas of custodies and pess, moist clammy custodies, stooped shoulders, pale sickly face with dark circles around eyes, draggy pace and acne, insanity, progressive loss of energy, and causes heredity of insanity are besides included on the list of wellness jobs caused by onanism. How a causal relationship was found between these unwellnesss and onanism is ill-defined in Englehardt s paper. Englehardt suggests that onanism should be considered a syndrome instead than a disease, because syndromes have the running together of marks and symptoms into a recognizable form. Since onanism is associated with disease it should besides be associated with deceases ( which have happened ) . Since people have besides died from holding sex, should se x be banned because of these dangers? Between the sexually transmitted diseases and the rare instances of people holding bosom onslaughts while holding sex the possibility of decease through sex is likely greater than it is from onanism. There was a battle to develop a feasible diagnostics it was placed under assorted classs and legion terminologies called masturbation and, onanysmus. Initally onanism was under the header of male disease of productive variety meats, so it had many other headers until 1906 when it changed to genito-urinary system diseases. The name changes likely indicate vacillation on the portion of recording equipments as to nature of disease, recording equipments who were drawn in by the evidently psychological parts of the phenomenon to sort it as a functional perturbation. Through an scrutiny of the analogues between what is good for one s psyche and what is good for one s wellness, one would anticipate to happen that disease correlates with immoral sexual behavior. Besides, people s dispositions to interpret a moral issue into medical footings and alleviate them. Jonathon Hutchinson described the aetiologic mechanism of the wont in inquiry as one that may be deleterious to the nerve-tone and li kely originates and sustains illness which without it might hold been avoided or cured. Effectss were magnified during young person when such dazes threaten normal development. Freud wrote that sexual exhaustion could arouse neurasthenia. If sexual exhaustion fails to be achieved by it self it has an consequence in the temperament of the nervous system, doing physical unwellness and depressive effects to be overworked and can no longer be tolerated without taking to neurasthenia in males it is acquired at pubescence. Other theoretical accounts were based chiefly on the marks and symptoms and the effects of the guilt associated with the act of onanism. It was guilt, non excitement, that led to onanism. Often faith and mental conditions caused work forces to go alarmed with the activity. Masturbation is non a wickedness but a frailty ( UWO, p.243 ) . It s bad marks and symptoms became viewed as the consequence of guilt and anxiousness felt because of peculiar cultural norms. There is nil peculiarly incorrect with onanism. Masturbation is inevitable under restraints of life and while avoiding any attitude of indifference. I agree that the marks and symptoms connected with onanism must hold in fact come from the guilt and anxiousness brought on by the act since onanism was thought of as a flagitious thing to make. Different keeping devices were made: infibulation, Circumcision, acid Burnss, clitoridictomy, vasectomy, emasculation, usage of electrodes, and stylostixis. Some more tolerant attacks include difficult work and simple diet alterations, suggestion of the usage of patronizing cocottes. Imagine if our society thought that patronizing cocottes was a remedy for what ails you. HIV and AIDS would be even more prevailing. Active quinine waters such as cold baths at bedtime were suggested, and Brownian proposed usage of opium, and morphine sulfate. Englehardt s usage of onanism is an illustration of the function of development in account. Englehardt uses many illustrations of how the values of society have influenced our image of disease in many clip periods. The Disease of Masturbation shows how much the many emotions and values of the clip add emphasis and finally bring on the symptoms that people reported to be associated with onanism. Masturbation is the best possible illustration of the function of society s values on wellness and disease. It, nevertheless, is non a realistic illustration because onanism does non suit into the biomedical theoretical account s definition of a disease. I do non experience that onanism has been scientifically proven to do all of the complaints listed in Englehardt s article. Masturbation may hold been a divergence from the norm but does this make the demand to label it a disease?

An Essay Sample: How To Write One

An Essay Sample: How To Write OneThe first thing that comes to mind when you are thinking about a short response essay sample is the usual data. Students are actually quite lazy when it comes to filling in essays because they don't need to do much thinking. They are not known for having very deep thoughts and hence the essay is quite boring and repetitive. This makes them vulnerable and easily get carried away by the topics and information given.With this sort of an assignment, it is quite easy to make the data all the more boring and bland. It is all to easy to use some theme, some facts or figures and say that these are facts and figures. You may also be able to include some of your personal opinions in here. But, you cannot use personal opinions as your main thesis. As an instructor, this is crucial because if you use personal opinions, you may end up writing a very boring composition.So, you may need to either provide sufficient amounts of data in here or else use some themes. Yo u may either use a format that is more suitable for academic courses such as bulleted list or you may take the alternative approach of using bullet points. The latter way will require you to go back to your basics and you can then use a couple of data or the inclusion of opinions will require you to provide sufficient amounts of data. The main thing to remember here is that you need to state facts, figures and items clearly without making the data boring.When writing a simple thesis, you can just state what you believe and not elaborate too much on it. But, in this case, you will have to be much more thorough and give some thoughts in here. If you are able to do this, you can easily present yourself in an effective manner. The best thing here is that you will be able to convince people around you that you are a person who does not only believe what he says but can also give a convincing argument why he believes it. So, in a nutshell, this essay will give you the opportunity to tell them what you believe in the best possible way.There are few things that you should remember when writing an essay. One of these is that you must stick to your topic. For example, if you are writing about a cold climate, then you must say what you mean by the word 'cold' so that you will be able to talk about the cold climate clearly and not your personal opinion of the word 'cold'.The next thing is that you must also refrain from making any factual statements. The most basic thing that you need to do here is to state the fact of what you are claiming or saying. The essay may not look like a scientific study but it can certainly be used as one to impress people around you and make them think you are quite intelligent.As I mentioned before, you may be able to write an essay based on what you want or you may need to use a format that is more appropriate for academic courses. But, in this case, you must use data and opinion and so, you will need to come up with a unique essay. You will be able to enjoy this all the more if you come up with an interesting essay.

Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock Essay Example

Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock Essay Example Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock Paper Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock Paper Essay Topic: The Love Song Of J alfred Prufrock T. S. Elliot, the speaker is Froufrou himself. He is debating with the two conflicting sides of his personality. One wants him to propose love, the other wants him to hold back. The setting Is most likely In the early asses or so, taking Into consideration the afternoon tea, the shawls the ladles wear, and the skirts that trail along the floor(102). The situation Is fairly straightforward In some respects. Alfred Froufrou is on his way to a tea In the mid-afternoon and Is indecisive as to whether he should declare his love or not. Figurative language is cost abundant in this poem. Throughout, parts of the city are personified as being human while Froufrou is personified as being less than human. The yellow fog and the sky which is like a patient appear intelligent to the reader of the poem. On the other hand, Froufrou thinks of himself as a crab which should be scuttling across the floor of the sea or a senile old man who wears flannel trousers. This evidence the city and nature which are the yellow fog and the sky are taking mastery over Froufrou. They have become king. The phrase, But as If a magic lantern threw the nerves In tatters on the screen(105) has thematic Importance as well. A magic lantern Is a movie projector; hence, Froufrou is viewing his life and thought as a movie with a predetermined end. This predetermined end Is that his love would not Like him and that he would fall In his proposal of love. Irony exists In the title, for this poem Is not a livelong but rather a piece mourning a mans fear to propose love. Nearly all of Frocks allusions are overstatement. He speaks of himself as one decapitated and one absolutely banned from telling his story of love. This, however, is not the case as Froufrous only limitation is himself. Before moving on, it is imperative that a precise view of J. Alfred Froufrous personality be extrapolated. First of all, Frock is in a state of terrible uncertainty. He is both the you and l in line 1, symbolizing his internal conflict. Such lines as, When the evening is spread out against the sky Like a patient theorized upon a table(2-3) and When I am pinned and wriggling against the wall, Then how should I vividly portray Froufrous own sense of paralysis. He feels that he has no control over the situation whatsoever. Furthermore, e thinks himself totally unfit to take up a courtship. Statements like They will say: School his hair is growing ) and They will say: DHOW his legs and arms are thin(44) express his inner lack of self-esteem and self-confidence. Froufrou worries about the rebuke of mainstream society for his expression of love and does not want to disturb the universe(46) lest all his faults are revealed. He fears rejection from his own lover as well. Would it have been worthwhile If one, settling a pillow or throwing Off shawl, And turning toward the window, should say: that is not it at al, That is not what I meant, at all'(106-110). The final piece of this poem that needs to be examined in order to unlock Froufrous personality Is the opening epigraph. This epigraph is from Dents Inferno and If translated Into English it reads thus: If I believed my answer were being given to someone who would ever return to the world, this flame would shake no more. But since no one has ever returned alive from this depth, Is what I hear Is true, I will answer you without fear of disgrace. This passage resonates with Froufrou, for he is in a hell himself. A hell of his own thoughts an Nonsensical. He cannot rolling enamels to ace one way or another. Moreover, Nils own worries and qualms about himself are near tortuous. The Livelong of J. Alfred Froufrou contains numerous allusions to other literature. Three of the most striking allusions are those to John the Baptist, Lazarus, and Hamlet. First, the allusion to John the Baptist reveals the relationship of society to Froufrou. Society has decapitated Froufrou and discouraged him from fully expressing his love . The allusion to Lazarus is tied to Froufrou in that Just as Lazarus was unable to tell his story of hell to those n Earth, Froufrou is unable, or thinks he is unable to declare his love to his girlfriend. The allusion to Hamlet is the most important of all. Froufrou is quite similar to Hamlet in that both are procrastinators. Still, Hamlet decided to force the moment to its crisis while Froufrou Just apathetically pushed aside the moment of climax and went on with his sterile, boring life. He decided not to risk the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune. In general, the tone of this poem is one of near absolute despair. The rottenness of inner-city life provides a depressing undertone. Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels And sawdust restaurants with oyster shells(6-7). The impersonality of the city is well pictured by Elliot here. It with its yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes is the backdrop for the internal conflict of a Froufrou who is exhausted with life. The inner-city also stifles Froufrou. I should have been a pair of ragged claws Scuttling across the floors of silent seas(73-74). In short, city life is the very thing that is the bane of Froufrous love. A striking theme in this poem is that urbanity paralyzes the will. Streets that follow like a tedious argument Of insidious intent To lead you to an overwhelming question(8-10). The streets, or rather urban life, are a great factor in Froufrous indecisiveness. He sees the impersonal world about him and feels discouraged. Shall I say, I have gone at dusk through narrow streets And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves, leaning out of windows(70-72). This passage once again reveals the mellowing nature of city life. The very nature of the inner-city is to oppress. In the large metropolis there is no opportunity for recreation, no chance to smell fresh air from the countryside, no silence, no freedom. This excerpt shows how the city naturally leads to apathy: The yellow fog that rubs its back on the window- panes Lingered in the pools that stand in drains Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys Curled once about the house and fell 5, 18, 19, 22). Here the smog of the inner city has been personified. It itself reeks of yellow cowardice. It rubs on windows, lingers in pools, stands by as soot falls upon it, ND falls asleep. The yellow fog had no type of invigorating effect at all. Rather, it led towards tiredness and apathy. The whole next stanza shows the effect of this city upon Froufrou. He decides that there will be time(23) for a hundred indecision(32) and leans toward not disturbing the universe and not disturbing the women who come and go Talking of Michelangelo(35-36). Clearly, Froufrou has become apathetic as a result of an impersonal city and an impersonal society which is represented by the women. Finally, the urban life is an agent of deception. It asses Froufrou to believe that there will be time yet for a hundred indecision, And for a hundred visions and revisions, Before the taking of a toast and tea(32-34), while in fact, the eternal Footman holds Froufrous coat at the door, waiting for him to die. Urbanity veils death from Froufrou and in so doing killed all his spirit. For truly, ten Tear AT tenant can De ten greatest motivator. I en clay also sleeves Protract auto his love and his own self. I grow old grow old 1 shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled. Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare to eat a peach? I shall wear white flannel trousers and walk upon the beach. I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each. I do not think they will sing to It is society that forces Froufrou into believing he is too old to be adventurous. It is the dead urban lifestyle that makes him feel he has lost his chance for love. The dirty inner city had such far- reaching effects as making Froufrou think that the mermaids or his lover would never sing to him. For indeed, they could have if his apathy and fear of retribution had not been king. This passage is central to everything Elliot is saying. It preaches of defeatism, the giving in to a brutal world. What man ought to do, though, is overcome such adversity through strength of mind. In todays society, the trend towards urbanism is equally dangerous to strength of mind. It is the cause of a rise in violence. Depression, suicide, low morale, and low ambition can be linked to it. For urbanity in and of itself is antithetical to all the human race has strove for. Instead of upholding beauty, it diminishes it, and instead of nurturing love and relationship, the city quells such feeling through impersonality. It is not progress, but regression. Another interpretation of these facts is that procrastination, which has been linked to age in this poem, has a sort of snowball effect. The older Froufrou grows, the less likely he will propose his love and the more he thinks about the paradoxical situation he has found himself in, the more he fears approaching his love. This theme resonates on a much less complex level than the first but is much more applicable. Take risks and live lively or such things as urbanity, society, age, and fear will grow upon you and squelch all adventurous spirit.

The May Revolution in Argentina

The May Revolution in Argentina In May of 1810, word reached Buenos Aires that the King of Spain, Ferdinand VII, had been deposed by Napoleon Bonaparte. Rather than serve the new King, Joseph Bonaparte (Napoleon’s brother), the city formed its own ruling council, essentially declaring itself independent until such time as Ferdinand could reclaim the throne. Although initially an act of loyalty to the Spanish crown, the â€Å"May Revolution,† as it came to be known, was eventually a precursor to independence. The famous Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires is named in honor of these actions. Viceroyalty of the River Platte The lands of the eastern southern cone of South America, including Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, and Paraguay, had been steadily growing in importance for the Spanish crown, mostly because of revenues from the lucrative ranching and leather industry in the Argentine pampas. In 1776, this importance was recognized by the establishment of a Viceregal seat in Buenos Aires, the Viceroyalty of the River Platte. This elevated Buenos Aires to the same status as Lima and Mexico City, although it was still much smaller. The wealth of the colony had made it a target for British expansion. Left to Its Own Devices The Spanish were correct: the British had their eye on Buenos Aires and the rich ranching land it served. In 1806-1807 the British made a determined effort to capture the city. Spain, its resources drained from the devastating loss at the Battle of Trafalgar, was unable to send any help and the citizens of Buenos Aires were forced to fight off the British on their own. This led many to question their loyalties to Spain: in their eyes, Spain took their taxes but did not hold up their end of the bargain when it came to defense. The Peninsular War In 1808, after helping France overrun Portugal, Spain was itself invaded by Napoleonic forces. Charles IV, King of Spain, was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Ferdinand VII. Ferdinand, in turn, was taken prisoner: he would spend seven years in luxurious confinement in the Chà ¢teau de Valenà §ay in central France. Napoleon, wanting someone he could trust, put his brother Joseph on the throne in Spain. The Spanish despised Joseph, nicknaming him â€Å"Pepe Botella† or â€Å"Bottle Joe† because of his alleged drunkenness. Word Gets Out Spain desperately tried to keep news of this disaster from reaching its colonies. Since the American Revolution, Spain had kept a close eye on its own New World holdings, fearing that the spirit of independence would spread to its lands. They believed that the colonies needed little excuse to cast off Spanish rule. Rumors of a French invasion had been circulating for some time, and several prominent citizens were calling for an independent council to run Buenos Aires while things got sorted out in Spain. On May 13, 1810, a British frigate arrived in Montevideo and confirmed the rumors: Spain had been overrun. May 18-24 Buenos Aires was in an uproar. Spanish Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros de la Torre pleaded for calm, but on May 18, a group of citizens came to him demanding a town council. Cisneros tried to stall, but the city leaders would not be denied. On May 20, Cisneros met with the leaders of the Spanish military forces garrisoned in Buenos Aires: they said they would not support him and encouraged him to go ahead with the town meeting. The meeting was first held on May 22 and by May 24, a provisional ruling junta which included Cisneros, Creole leader Juan Josà © Castelli, and commander Cornelio Saavedra was created. May 25 The citizens of Buenos Aires did not want former Viceroy Cisneros to continue in any capacity in the new government, so the original junta had to be disbanded. Another junta was created, with Saavedra as president, Dr. Mariano Moreno, and Dr. Juan Josà © Paso as secretaries, and committee members Dr. Manuel Alberti, Miguel de Azcuà ©naga, Dr. Manuel Belgrano, Dr. Juan Josà © Castelli, Domingo Matheu, and Juan Larrea, most of whom were creoles and patriots. The junta declared itself rulers of Buenos Aires until such time as Spain was restored. The junta would last until December 1810, when it was replaced by another one. Legacy May 25 is the date celebrated in Argentina as the Dà ­a de la Revolucià ³n de Mayo, or May Revolution Day. Buenos Aires famous Plaza de Mayo, today known for protests by family members of those who disappeared during Argentinas military regime (1976-1983), is named for this turbulent week in 1810. Although it was intended as a show of loyalty to the Spanish crown, the May Revolution actually started the process of independence for Argentina. In 1814 Ferdinand VII was restored, but by then Argentina had seen enough of Spanish rule. Paraguay had already declared itself independent in 1811. On July 9, 1816, Argentina formally declared independence from Spain, and under the military leadership of Josà © de San Martà ­n was able to defeat Spains attempts to retake it. Source: Shumway, Nicolas. Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1991.

Health Care and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Care and Law - Essay Example Data gathered from other sources were properly referenced. However, the authors did not mention how they were able to collect data used in this study. Therefore, acknowledging participant sensitivity and vulnerability are not applicable. Using sub-headings, the authors were able to arrange their thoughts and ideas with regards to this subject matter. For example, using the sub-heading â€Å"What are the Root Causes?†, the authors were able to identify all possible causes of health disparities in men as mentioned in other previous studies. This can be seen on page 1 of 3. To minimize the effects of research bias, the authors were able to base their research findings from the identified root causes of health disparities in men as presented in the literature review. By analyzing the gathered literature, the authors were able to come up with an objective solution for this problem. Yes. The purpose of this study is to discuss how it is possible to eliminate health disparities in boys and men of colors. In line with this, the authors revealed that such health disparities can be eliminated by using strategic research and action. Yes. Data interpretation matches the data collection. This study is to discuss how it is possible to eliminate health disparities in boys and men of colors. Therefore, the authors decided to identify the root causes of such disparities followed by discussing potential solutions on how to avoid health disparities in men. Yes. In the research findings, the authors considered the use of strategic research and action, increase the public awareness on health disparities in boys and men, and strategic planning are among the possible solution on how we can eliminate health disparities in boys and men. Yes. Research findings were linked to findings in other studies. For example, Steinberg (2009) pointed out that lack of health

Vicarious Liability -Legal Aspects in Health Care Essay - 1

Vicarious Liability -Legal Aspects in Health Care - Essay Example In legal terms, this act is referred to as vicarious liability. It allows for holding an employer responsible for the persons working under their instructions irrespective of whether they are employees or independent contractors, whether they committed the crime intentionally, unintentionally, neglectfully or with criminal oriented intentions. In common knowledge, the boss or an employer, who in other words is the employing authority, should take liability. This is because ideally, the employer has the fattest bank accounts compared to their employees, has the ability to access insurance indemnity and by virtue of the authority bestowed upon it, it can encourage its personnel to use the medical etiquette and ethics professionally. Just as a parent is liable for his/her child’s mistake, the medical care organization should take vicarious liability (Devine, 2009) Lawmedconsultant.com observes that Ellis Memorial hospital, located in Tarpon Springs, Florida was served with two medical lawsuits of professional negligence. Shirley Reth brought two-consolidated lawsuits on behalf of the estate of Reth. The suits concerned Sean Reth who had undergone an unsuccessful aesthetical surgery at the hospital in March 2006 but died three days later due to Anesthesia Medical personnel’s malpractices, as Reth argued in the summons. This led to insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the patients’ brain, medically referred as cerebral ischemia, along with intra-operative cardiac arrest, in other words, heart attack. In this case, Anesthetic associates of North Pinellas PA, PA, Teresa catsos CRNA, Hugh Siegel, CRNA together with Glen Syperda, D.O. an Anesthesiologist and the hospital were the defendants. Even if the defendants were not directly employed by the hospital, it was the hospital’s responsibility to take the initiative and bear the brunt of the personnel that was working under its instructions. According to Reth the barrister, Mr. Reth’s death